For the first time, Iraq also had a Kurdish president. For the first time, the Shia majority claimed the prime minister’s slot and had sufficient leverage to control key ministries and other levers of the state.
The political balance of power-dominated for centuries by Sunnis-shifted dramatically. In 2005, Iraqis voted on a new constitution, which introduced individual rights, including for religious and ethnic minorities. The transition included building new parties, recruiting and training new military forces, creating nascent civil society, and drafting new laws. military was responsible for national security, but at least 100,000 people died during its eight-year intervention (some estimates were as high as half a million).
As a self-declared occupying force, the U.S. The first phase, the initial transition between 20, started with a U.S.-led Coalition Provisional Authority. Iraq has evolved through four rocky phases. Iraq suffered through a civil war, political turmoil, widespread corruption, sectarian tensions and an extremist insurgency that seized a third of the country. Second, disbanding the military-alienating hundreds of thousands of trained men with no alternative-left a security void. decision to bar the long-ruling Baath Party-and the way it was implemented-created a political vacuum. After Saddam Hussein’s ouster in 2003, Iraq’s new leaders struggled to chart a democratic course after decades of dictatorship.
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